在氣力輸送中采用哪種供料方式，取決于系統(tǒng)類型，供料設(shè)備是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，是氣力輸送的“咽喉”，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，使用是否恰當(dāng)，對(duì)提高生產(chǎn)率，減少壓損都有較多的影響，因此，如何正確的設(shè)計(jì)和選用供料設(shè)備，是提高氣力輸送工藝效果的重要環(huán)節(jié)，在正壓和負(fù)壓氣力輸送中，供料器的作用也是非常大的。

The type of feeding method used in pneumatic conveying depends on the system type. Feeding equipment is the key equipment of the entire system and the "throat" of pneumatic conveying. Whether its structure is reasonable and its use is appropriate has a significant impact on improving productivity and reducing pressure loss. Therefore, how to correctly design and select feeding equipment is an important link to improve the effectiveness of pneumatic conveying technology. In positive and negative pressure pneumatic conveying, The function of the feeder is also very important.

在負(fù)壓氣力輸送系統(tǒng)中的供料器也稱接料器，作用主要是使物料和空氣充分混合并送入輸料管。常用的供料設(shè)備：

The feeder, also known as the feeder in the negative pressure pneumatic conveying system, is mainly used to fully mix the material and air and feed them into the conveying pipe. Common feeding equipment:

1）三通接料器，是由供料流管和風(fēng)管兩個(gè)基本部分組成，根據(jù)風(fēng)管放置位置的不同，分為垂直三通接料器和水平三通接料器兩種形式；

1) A three-way connector is composed of two basic parts: a supply flow pipe and an air duct. According to the different positions of the air ducts, it can be divided into two forms: a vertical three-way connector and a horizontal three-way connector;

2）誘導(dǎo)式接料器，是垂直三通接料器的一種變形；

2) Induction feeder is a deformation of a vertical three-way feeder;

3）彎頭接料器，橫斷面呈矩形、它的一端借變形管與圓形輸料管連接，另一端借變形管與流管連接。適用于磨粉機(jī)或碾米機(jī)下物料的接料且能從機(jī)器中吸取大量的空氣、對(duì)機(jī)器和物料進(jìn)行降溫，以保證物料的品質(zhì)延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備使用壽命；

3) The elbow feeder has a rectangular cross-section, with one end connected to a circular feeding pipe through a deformation pipe and the other end connected to a flow pipe through a deformation pipe. Suitable for receiving materials under milling machines or rice mills, and able to absorb a large amount of air from the machine, cool down the machine and materials, to ensure the quality of materials and extend the service life of the equipment;

4）雙筒形吸嘴，是由入口處做成喇叭形的內(nèi)筒和可上下調(diào)節(jié)的外筒組成；用來直接吸取倉(cāng)庫(kù)或車船內(nèi)的顆粒狀散裝物料。

4) A double tube suction nozzle is composed of an inner tube with a horn shaped inlet and an outer tube that can be adjusted up and down; Used to directly extract granular bulk materials from warehouses or vehicles and ships.

負(fù)壓氣力輸送

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying

在正壓氣力輸送系統(tǒng)中供料方式也有多種，供料設(shè)備有：

There are also various feeding methods in the positive pressure pneumatic conveying system, and the feeding equipment includes:

1）噴射式供料氣力輸送主要用于低壓連續(xù)氣力輸送，其原理是當(dāng)氣流進(jìn)入噴射式供料器由噴嘴噴出時(shí)，由于節(jié)流的作用，使混合室形成一定的真空度，將物料吸入混合室內(nèi)而輸送，分低壓噴射供料器和高壓噴射供料器；

1) Jet feeding pneumatic conveying is mainly used for low-pressure continuous pneumatic conveying. Its principle is that when the airflow enters the jet feeder and is sprayed out by the nozzle, due to the throttling effect, a certain degree of vacuum is formed in the mixing chamber, and the material is sucked into the mixing chamber for conveying, divided into low-pressure jet feeder and high-pressure jet feeder;

2）旋轉(zhuǎn)供料器又稱星形給料器、鎖氣器等，用于中低壓氣力輸送，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是改變轉(zhuǎn)速后可調(diào)整供料量、壓力損失小；根據(jù)使用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工藝有貫通型、背包型、防卡型、耐磨型等類型；

2) Rotating feeder, also known as star feeder, air lock, etc., is used for medium and low pressure pneumatic conveying. Its advantages are that the feeding amount can be adjusted after changing the speed, and the pressure loss is small; According to the on-site process, there are types such as through type, backpack type, anti jamming type, wear-resistant type, etc;

3）倉(cāng)泵氣力輸送，是一個(gè)密封壓力容器、物料裝入倉(cāng)泵內(nèi)與壓縮空氣混合經(jīng)輸料管輸送物料至卸料點(diǎn)。

3) The pneumatic conveying of the warehouse pump is a sealed pressure vessel, in which materials are loaded into the warehouse pump and mixed with compressed air through a conveying pipe to transport materials to the unloading point.

正壓氣力輸送

Positive pressure pneumatic conveying

氣力輸送供料器設(shè)計(jì)和選用的一般原則是：

The general principles for the design and selection of pneumatic conveying feeders are:

1. 能定量、均勻、分散的供料，并能保證物料和空氣充分混合；

1. Able to provide materials in a quantitative, uniform, and dispersed manner, and ensure full mixing of materials and air;

2. 不漏氣、不漏料、不產(chǎn)生物料顆粒的破碎，能使空氣通暢地進(jìn)入，以減少空氣流動(dòng)的能量損失；

2. No air leakage, no material leakage, and no crushing of material particles, which can allow air to enter smoothly and reduce energy loss in air flow;

3. 阻力小、功率消耗低，盡可能使氣流的方向與物料的流向一致，避免逆向進(jìn)料；

3. Low resistance, low power consumption, try to align the direction of the airflow with the direction of the material flow as much as possible, and avoid reverse feeding;

4. 喂料通順、操作方便、設(shè)備壽命長(zhǎng)、經(jīng)久耐用；

4. Smooth feeding, easy operation, long equipment life, and durability;

5. 供料器的氣密性要好、以保證其供料量，防止空氣外泄；

5. The airtightness of the feeder should be good to ensure its feeding capacity and prevent air leakage;

6. 結(jié)構(gòu)要簡(jiǎn)單、占地面積要小。

6. The structure should be simple and the footprint should be small.